apt commands

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apt commands

Post by bigpup »

apt commands.jpg
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.
.
pkg is the exact name of the package you want to work on.

Example:
To install a new package called nginx, enter:
apt install nginx
.
.
For more specific and detailed info.
Use the man command or --help option.

Example:
man apt
apt --help
.

Big Note:
The latest version of Bookworm Pup64 should have a information file under menu -> Help -> How to use the APT Package Manager
.
.
Note:

apt upgrade will only update user-installed packages. Updates for preinstalled packages are (intentionally) disabled using apt-mark hold to avoid updates from polluting your save file/folder and/or slowing down the system, and to prevent updates from undoing Puppy-specific customization done to the Debian packages at Puppy build time.

You can use apt-mark unhold to allow updates to a package, but this is risky. Updating your entire Puppy to a new build is a much safer way to update all core system packages.

(Debian 12 is currently frozen and the only changes are important bug fixes. If you don't see any available updates or see updates today but don't see more updates tomorrow, this is probably why. Generally, the Debian stable release receives few updates, just stability and security fixes, and Debian 12 will receive even fewer updates after the release.)

The things you do not tell us, are usually the clue to fixing the problem.
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Re: apt commands

Post by ozsouth »

I found 'apt autoremove' does a cleanup & should be run after 'apt remove (pkg name)', to remove remnants.

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Re: apt commands

Post by bigpup »

Example for getting all sub-packages and optional dependencies.

program VLC

dimkr wrote: Wed Jul 26, 2023 6:03 am

You can use apt install --install-recommends vlc to install VLC including all optional sub-packages and optional dependencies.

Thanks to dimkr for this information! :thumbup:

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Re: apt commands

Post by backi »

@bigpup :

Very helpful :thumbup:

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Re: apt commands

Post by mikeslr »

Something to consider, https://www.forum.puppylinux.com/viewto ... 165#p97165. Thanks, fred.

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Re: apt commands

Post by mikeslr »

Discussion about using apt to remove packages, including those installed via synaptic, here: https://www.forum.puppylinux.com/viewto ... 78#p110378

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Re: apt commands

Post by trawglodyte »

/var/log/apt/history.log is a record of packages you add/remove with apt. It can be handy, I also like to copy/paste the suggested/recommended packages in a text editor and save them in a folder, like /root/AptNotes or something.

Especially with the A/V stuff, sometimes an app is missing a feature or something doesn't work right and I can go back to the suggested packages when I installed it and find what I need to make it work.

low-bar learner

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Re: apt commands

Post by williwaw »

apt install --install-recommends vlc | tee vlc.log

will create the file vlc.log that contains the sometimes helpful messages that roll by during the install.

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Re: apt commands

Post by fredx181 »

Some may not know, one of the differences between how apt and apt-get operates is that when installing package(s) using apt, e.g. apt install <package(s)>, then after install succeeded, the downloaded .deb files will be removed.
As opposed to when using apt-get, apt-get install <package(s)>, then the .deb files will be kept in /var/cache/apt/archives/ .
edit: and to remove these cached .deb packages: apt clean
edit2: When installing from Synaptic, it works the same as apt-get, i.e. packages are not removed from the cache after installing.

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Re: apt commands

Post by dancytron »

bigpup wrote: Wed Jul 26, 2023 2:41 pm

Example for getting all sub-packages and optional dependencies.

program VLC

dimkr wrote: Wed Jul 26, 2023 6:03 am

You can use apt install --install-recommends vlc to install VLC including all optional sub-packages and optional dependencies.

Thanks to dimkr for this information! :thumbup:

Especially handy for whatever archiving/unzipping program you use so you don't have to lookup and install the package for each format as they fail to work.

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Re: apt commands

Post by mikewalsh »

Hm. Nice one.

Thanks to everybody for posting this info. I had to laugh; everybody else in the Linux world has been using this stuff for decades.....yet here WE here, just learning all this for the first time!

It's all good stuff, though.

Mike. :thumbup:

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Re: apt commands -- clean etc

Post by mikeslr »

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Re: apt commands

Post by bigpup »

Trapster wrote: Sun Nov 24, 2024 12:48 pm

Apt can be used to clean itself

apt clean → cleans the packages and install script in /var/cache/apt/archives/

apt autoclean → cleans obsolete deb-packages, less than clean

apt autoremove → removes orphaned packages which are not longer needed from the system, but not purges them, use the --purge option together with the command for that.

The things you do not tell us, are usually the clue to fixing the problem.
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Re: apt commands

Post by Governor »

bigpup wrote: Sun Nov 24, 2024 4:48 pm
Trapster wrote: Sun Nov 24, 2024 12:48 pm

Apt can be used to clean itself

apt clean → cleans the packages and install script in /var/cache/apt/archives/

apt autoclean → cleans obsolete deb-packages, less than clean

apt autoremove → removes orphaned packages which are not longer needed from the system, but not purges them, use the --purge option together with the command for that.

Thanks for sharing!
I get E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
How can I fix that?

Code: Select all

# apt autoremove --purge 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 127 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up mullvad-vpn (2024.7) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.postinst: line 6: systemctl: command not found
dpkg: error processing package mullvad-vpn (--configure):
 installed mullvad-vpn package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mullvad-vpn
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
# 

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Re: apt commands

Post by fredx181 »

@Governor
Try apt purge mullvad-vpn (edit: assuming that you want to remove mullvad-vpn, I suspect it wasn't properly installed in the first place)
Probably same error message about systemctl (Bookwormpup doesn't use systemd), but good chance that it will be removed anyway.
Check afterwards with apt-cache policy mullvad-vpn to see if it's really gone.

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Re: apt commands

Post by Governor »

fredx181 wrote: Mon Nov 25, 2024 11:51 am

@Governor
Try apt purge mullvad-vpn (edit: assuming that you want to remove mullvad-vpn, I suspect it wasn't properly installed in the first place)
Probably same error message about systemctl (Bookwormpup doesn't use systemd), but good chance that it will be removed anyway.
Check afterwards with apt-cache policy mullvad-vpn to see if it's really gone.

Wow, that worked! :thumbup:

Code: Select all

# apt purge mullvad-vpn
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  gnome-keyring libjs-jquery libndp0 libnewt0.52 libteamdctl0 network-manager
  python3-aiohttp python3-aiosignal python3-async-timeout python3-attr python3-bcrypt
  python3-cffi-backend python3-cryptography python3-dbus python3-distro
  python3-frozenlist python3-gnupg python3-importlib-metadata python3-jaraco.classes
  python3-jeepney python3-jinja2 python3-keyring python3-markupsafe
  python3-more-itertools python3-multidict python3-nacl python3-openssl
  python3-packaging python3-secretstorage python3-sentry-sdk python3-yarl python3-zipp
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  mullvad-vpn*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 127 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 351 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 86294 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing mullvad-vpn (2024.7) ...
Running before-remove.sh
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.prerm: line 22: systemctl: command not found
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.prerm: line 23: systemctl: command not found
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.prerm: line 24: systemctl: command not found
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.prerm: line 25: systemctl: command not found
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
(Reading database ... 86183 files and directories currently installed.)
Purging configuration files for mullvad-vpn (2024.7) ...
rm: cannot remove '/var/log/mullvad-vpn/': No such file or directory
Failed to remove mullvad-vpn logs
dpkg: warning: while removing mullvad-vpn, directory '/opt' not empty so not removed
dpkg: warning: while removing mullvad-vpn, directory '/usr/local/share' not empty so not
 removed
# apt-cache policy mullvad-vpn
mullvad-vpn:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2024.7
  Version table:
     2024.7 500
        500 https://repository.mullvad.net/deb/stable bookworm/main amd64 Packages
# 

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Re: apt commands

Post by williwaw »

did you want to remove the uneeded dependencies also?

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Re: apt commands

Post by Governor »

williwaw wrote: Mon Nov 25, 2024 7:12 pm

did you want to remove the uneeded dependencies also?

I think I did that? I don't like to have libraries installed that are never used.
I knew mullvad-vpn did not install correctly, but I did not know what to do about it. Anyway, thanks to knowledgeable folks here in the forum, I have Proton VPN working, although, unfortunately, I had to turn off IPv6.

Code: Select all

# apt-cache policy mullvad-vpn
mullvad-vpn:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2024.7
  Version table:
     2024.7 500
        500 https://repository.mullvad.net/deb/stable bookworm/main amd64 Packages
        

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Re: apt commands

Post by williwaw »

Code: Select all

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  gnome-keyring libjs-jquery libndp0 libnewt0.52 libteamdctl0 network-manager
  python3-aiohttp python3-aiosignal python3-async-timeout python3-attr python3-bcrypt
  python3-cffi-backend python3-cryptography python3-dbus python3-distro
  python3-frozenlist python3-gnupg python3-importlib-metadata python3-jaraco.classes
  python3-jeepney python3-jinja2 python3-keyring python3-markupsafe
  python3-more-itertools python3-multidict python3-nacl python3-openssl
  python3-packaging python3-secretstorage python3-sentry-sdk python3-yarl python3-zipp
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  mullvad-vpn*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove 

this suggestion? if you installed something after you installed mullvad, some of these might be required by both.

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Re: apt commands

Post by fredx181 »

@Governor I'd say, just run apt autoremove (again), see if it goes without errors, and answer y/n as you want.

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Re: apt commands

Post by Governor »

fredx181 wrote: Mon Nov 25, 2024 8:54 pm

@williwaw
@Governor I'd say, just run apt autoremove (again), see if it goes without errors, and answer y/n as you want.

On the first run of "apt autoremove", I chose 'no':

Code: Select all

# apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gnome-keyring libjs-jquery libndp0 libnewt0.52 libteamdctl0 network-manager
  python3-aiohttp python3-aiosignal python3-async-timeout python3-attr python3-bcrypt
  python3-cffi-backend python3-cryptography python3-dbus python3-distro
  python3-frozenlist python3-gnupg python3-importlib-metadata python3-jaraco.classes
  python3-jeepney python3-jinja2 python3-keyring python3-markupsafe
  python3-more-itertools python3-multidict python3-nacl python3-openssl
  python3-packaging python3-secretstorage python3-sentry-sdk python3-yarl python3-zipp
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 32 to remove and 127 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 30.4 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
Abort.

On the second run of "apt autoremove", I chose 'yes':

Code: Select all

# apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gnome-keyring libjs-jquery libndp0 libnewt0.52 libteamdctl0 network-manager
  python3-aiohttp python3-aiosignal python3-async-timeout python3-attr python3-bcrypt
  python3-cffi-backend python3-cryptography python3-dbus python3-distro
  python3-frozenlist python3-gnupg python3-importlib-metadata python3-jaraco.classes
  python3-jeepney python3-jinja2 python3-keyring python3-markupsafe
  python3-more-itertools python3-multidict python3-nacl python3-openssl
  python3-packaging python3-secretstorage python3-sentry-sdk python3-yarl python3-zipp
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 32 to remove and 127 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 30.4 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 86294 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing gnome-keyring (42.1-1+b2) ...
Removing libjs-jquery (3.6.1+dfsg+~3.5.14-1) ...
Removing network-manager (1.42.4-1) ...
Removing libndp0:amd64 (1.8-1+deb12u1) ...
Removing libnewt0.52:amd64 (0.52.23-1+b1) ...
Removing libteamdctl0:amd64 (1.31-1) ...
Removing python3-aiohttp (3.8.4-1) ...
Removing python3-aiosignal (1.3.1-1) ...
Removing python3-async-timeout (4.0.2-1) ...
Removing python3-attr (22.2.0-1) ...
Removing python3-bcrypt (3.2.2-1) ...
Removing python3-keyring (23.9.3-2) ...
Removing python3-secretstorage (3.3.3-1) ...
Removing python3-openssl (23.0.0-1) ...
Removing python3-cryptography (38.0.4-3+deb12u1) ...
Removing python3-nacl (1.5.0-2) ...
Removing python3-cffi-backend:amd64 (1.15.1-5+b1) ...
Removing python3-dbus (1.3.2-4+b1) ...
Removing python3-distro (1.8.0-1) ...
Removing python3-frozenlist (1.3.3-1+b1) ...
Removing python3-gnupg (0.4.9-1) ...
Removing python3-importlib-metadata (4.12.0-1) ...
Removing python3-jaraco.classes (3.2.1-3) ...
Removing python3-jeepney (0.8.0-3) ...
Removing python3-jinja2 (3.1.2-1) ...
Removing python3-markupsafe (2.1.2-1+b1) ...
Removing python3-zipp (1.0.0-6) ...
Removing python3-more-itertools (8.10.0-2) ...
Removing python3-yarl (1.8.2-1+b1) ...
Removing python3-multidict (6.0.4-1+b1) ...
Removing python3-packaging (23.0-1) ...
Removing python3-sentry-sdk (1.9.10-2) ...
Setting up mullvad-vpn (2024.7) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.postinst: line 6: systemctl: command not found
dpkg: error processing package mullvad-vpn (--configure):
 installed mullvad-vpn package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit s
tatus 127
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.74.6-2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.36-9+deb12u4) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.11.2-2) ...
Processing triggers for dbus (1.14.10-1~deb12u1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mullvad-vpn
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

I keep getting the error message above at the end of the process. How can this be fixed?

I tried # apt update dpkg and the error message is persistent.
And I wonder why mullvad-vpn keeps popping up?

Code: Select all

# apt upgrade dpkg
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
dpkg is already the newest version (1.21.22).
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  amd64-microcode base-files bash bluez bluez-obexd bsdextrautils bsdutils bubblewrap
  cups cups-bsd cups-client cups-common cups-core-drivers cups-daemon cups-filters
  cups-filters-core-drivers cups-ipp-utils cups-ppdc cups-server-common curl
  distro-info-data eject ffmpeg flatpak ghostscript gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-gsf-1
  gir1.2-gtk-2.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gtk-update-icon-cache gtk2-engines-pixbuf intel-microcode
  less libaom3 libarchive13 libavcodec59 libavdevice59 libavfilter8 libavformat59
  libavutil57 libblkid1 libbluetooth3 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc-l10n libc6 libc6-dev
  libcjson1 libcups2 libcupsfilters1 libcupsimage2 libcurl3-gnutls libcurl4 libdav1d6
  libexpat1 libfontembed1 libfreetype6 libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-bin
  libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-data libgnutls-dane0
  libgnutls-openssl27 libgnutls30 libgnutlsxx30 libgs-common libgs10 libgs10-common
  libgsf-1-114 libgsf-1-common libgssapi-krb5-2 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-common libgtk2.0-0
  libgtk2.0-common libheif1 libk5crypto3 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libltdl7 libmount1
  libnghttp2-14 libnss3 libntfs-3g89 libostree-1-1 libpostproc56 libpython3.11-minimal
  libpython3.11-stdlib libqt5concurrent5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5
  libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite
  libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5 libseccomp2 libsmartcols1 libsqlite3-0 libssl3 libswresample4
  libswscale6 libudev1 libuuid1 libvpx7 linux-libc-dev locales mount ntfs-3g
  openssh-client openssl putty putty-tools python-is-python3 python3.11
  python3.11-minimal udev util-linux util-linux-extra wpasupplicant xserver-common
  xserver-xorg-core
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 127 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up mullvad-vpn (2024.7) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.postinst: line 6: systemctl: command not found
dpkg: error processing package mullvad-vpn (--configure):
 installed mullvad-vpn package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit stat
us 127
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mullvad-vpn
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
# 
Last edited by Governor on Thu Nov 28, 2024 11:52 am, edited 1 time in total.

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Re: apt commands

Post by fredx181 »

@Governor

And I wonder why mullvad-vpn keeps popping up?

Yes, strange, as I understood, you did purge it earlier.

/var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.postinst: line 6: systemctl: command not found

Untested, (workaround to fix things that broke earlier due to "systemctl: command not found"), you can try to remove that file first rm -f /var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.postinst
edit: And also do: rm -f /var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.prerm
And then (if mullvad-vpn is still installed, it looks like it is for you) apt purge mullvad-vpn

EDIT: to explain a bit more, systemctl is part of systemd and as BookwormPup isn't using systemd, the package manager may get confused (and possibly broken, as it seems happened in your case) so (an uncommon) workaround is needed to fix it.

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Re: apt commands

Post by Governor »

fredx181 wrote: Tue Nov 26, 2024 10:17 am

@Governor

And I wonder why mullvad-vpn keeps popping up?

Yes, strange, as I understood, you did purge it earlier.

/var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.postinst: line 6: systemctl: command not found

Untested, (workaround to fix things that broke earlier due to "systemctl: command not found"), you can try to remove that file first rm -f /var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.postinst
edit: And also do: rm -f /var/lib/dpkg/info/mullvad-vpn.prerm
And then (if mullvad-vpn is still installed, it looks like it is for you) apt purge mullvad-vpn

EDIT: to explain a bit more, systemctl is part of systemd and as BookwormPup isn't using systemd, the package manager may get confused (and possibly broken, as it seems happened in your case) so (an uncommon) workaround is needed to fix it.

Wow. It seemed to be fixed, but see further down.
# apt upgrade dpkg
No error message.

Code: Select all

# apt remove mullvad-vpn
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package 'mullvad-vpn' is not installed, so not removed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 127 not upgraded.
# 
# apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 127 not upgraded.
# 

But, I get this:

Code: Select all

# apt purge mullvad-vpn
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  mullvad-vpn*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 127 not upgraded.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 84998 files and directories currently installed.)
Purging configuration files for mullvad-vpn (2024.7) ...
rm: cannot remove '/var/log/mullvad-vpn/': No such file or directory
Failed to remove mullvad-vpn logs
rm: cannot remove '/var/cache/mullvad-vpn/': No such file or directory
Failed to remove mullvad-vpn cache
rm: cannot remove '/etc/mullvad-vpn': No such file or directory
Failed to remove mullvad-vpn config
dpkg: warning: while removing mullvad-vpn, directory '/opt' not empty so not removed
dpkg: warning: while removing mullvad-vpn, directory '/usr/local/share' not empty so not
 removed
#

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fredx181
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Re: apt commands

Post by fredx181 »

@Governor
Looks good to me, no errors anymore, just some warnings, that's ok.
The important thing is that the package management isn't "broken" (as I think it was earlier) so that apt works again e.g. to install packages (or remove, or...) without bothering you about mullvad-vpn not properly installed/removed.
In case you don't know, difference between 'remove' and 'purge' is that purge will also remove configuration files, but apparently in this case they don't exist (anymore).

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Re: apt commands

Post by Governor »

fredx181 wrote: Thu Nov 28, 2024 3:17 pm

@Governor
Looks good to me, no errors anymore, just some warnings, that's ok.
The important thing is that the package management isn't "broken" (as I think it was earlier) so that apt works again e.g. to install packages (or remove, or...) without bothering you about mullvad-vpn not properly installed/removed.
In case you don't know, difference between 'remove' and 'purge' is that purge will also remove configuration files, but apparently in this case they don't exist (anymore).

Yes, but the problem keeps coming back. How can I prevent this problem from returning?
I noticed mullvad browser was set to use mullvad DNS (which I don't have), could that be a factor?
Thanks!

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Re: apt commands

Post by fredx181 »

Governor wrote: Wed Dec 18, 2024 7:44 am
fredx181 wrote: Thu Nov 28, 2024 3:17 pm

@Governor
Looks good to me, no errors anymore, just some warnings, that's ok.
The important thing is that the package management isn't "broken" (as I think it was earlier) so that apt works again e.g. to install packages (or remove, or...) without bothering you about mullvad-vpn not properly installed/removed.
In case you don't know, difference between 'remove' and 'purge' is that purge will also remove configuration files, but apparently in this case they don't exist (anymore).

Yes, but the problem keeps coming back. How can I prevent this problem from returning?
I noticed mullvad browser was set to use mullvad DNS (which I don't have), could that be a factor?
Thanks!

Don't know since I have no insight in your situation, you have any clue why the mullvad-vpn issue keeps coming back, e.g. you did something after ? (as you seemed to have it fixed earlier, quote: "Wow. It seemed to be fixed" https://forum.puppylinux.com/viewtopic. ... 51#p136651).
I can only refer to my earlier suggestions. Check if mullvad-vpn is still installed: apt-cache policy mullvad-vpn , if so try apt purge mullvad-vpn.
And https://forum.puppylinux.com/viewtopic. ... 36#p136536

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Re: apt commands

Post by Clarity »

Mullvad VPN provides support for your DNS question. You 'may' want to ask them questions on the functions you are attempting to use.

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Re: apt commands

Post by Governor »

Clarity wrote: Thu Dec 19, 2024 9:29 pm

Mullvad VPN provides support for your DNS question. You 'may' want to ask them questions on the functions you are attempting to use.

I don't want to use Mullvad VPN; I find it insidious and I want to get rid of it entirely. Hmm, I thought I could ask that here. I guess I will have to try Mullvad support.

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