We are at a "turn of the Century" time in the Linux world as several improvements (depending on who view it as such) occurring that will affect multimedia for all time forward. Namely PipeWire and Wayland.
This discussion has surfaced right in the middle of these 2 technologies becoming increasingly important.
We no longer have VGA and Manufacturers in this world no longer are focused at such. We also have had hardware standards change for both audio (codec's) and video (HDMI/DP/DVI and camera codec). These technologies, too, are planted within the boards that come in AIOs, Laptops, Desktops, tablets, etc. where audio and video needs are addressed.
I think the developers for these standards in technologies are doing an incredible job in moving the needle forward in time, but we, as users, struggle to keep pace with the world Linux development as well as the PUP kennel development to keep pace.
I think we may soon need forum pages that are aimed specifically in sharing good policy for use of these technologies.
Pipewire and the latest ability to try to make audio appear as if one is wiring a board is probably the BEST pictoral that we have. But, it is a new way of looking at end-end audio. Yet, it has significant advantage in that a user can visually see audio transfer in a way that make sense as it appears as something 'physically accessible' versus the conceptual that we have used for years.
This post intends to raise our understanding as we continue to both understand and to help members going forward. Maybe our documentation can break sound down into 3 areas of information:
ALSA discussion and trouble-shooting with today's devices
PULSE discussion and trouble-shooting with today's devices
PIPEWIRE discussion and trouble-shooting with today's devices
And, of course, the sometimes inter-relationships that intersect from distro to distro.
This is NOT a push for any particular approach for audio management, rather, its merely for understanding going forward.
Sometimes, it is important to know what approach the distro is using for audio such that its a little easier to know a proper recommendation is needed: Also, we cannot and do not rule out the hardware used.
Lots of very useful assistance has occurred in this thread and thanks to each who is trying to get enough information to present clear efforts in addressing the problem.